Biological And Social Effects On Sexual Orientation

The Biological and Social Effects on Sexual Orientation The origin and cause of human sexual orientation have been highly debated topics between sociologist and biologists. Most scientists believe sexual orientation is biologically determined while sociologists argue that it is socially constructed. There is a third belief that human sexual orientation is not solely biologically determined or socially constructed. From this belief come theories that combine both arguments, where human sexual orientation contains a biological component and a social component. One of the conjoint theories is that humans are born with a propensity for certain sexual tendencies which are determined biologically, and these tendencies are developed into a complex sexual identity as an adult. This development of sexual tendencies into a sexual identity is influenced by society, and therefore, sexual orientation depends on biological influences as well as society and social influences. There is various evidence and arguments for biological determination and soc ial construction of sexual orientation, as well as a few conjoint theories of sexual orientation, but there are also criticisms of each theory and the validity of these arguments will be explored. Biological determinism of sexual orientation is also known as the evolutionary psychologist’s view of sexual orientation. Evolutionary psychologists believe that the human mind has developed according to evolutionary methods, such as naturalShow MoreRelatedDoes Homosexuality Change the Brain or the Brain Results in Homosexuality?1039 Words   |  5 Pagesproduct of biology because according to research, the hormones of the females are stronger. Dr. Hamer states that sexual orientation, male homosexuality is genetically influenced. This is passed down through their mothers to the hormone of their offspring. Sexual identity is wired into the genes, which discounts the concept that homosexuality and transgender sexuality are a choice. Since sexual differentiation occurs within the womb, as a result of hormonal influences, it has been hypothesized that homosexualityRead MoreWhat Factors Influence Sexual Orientation1331 Words   |  6 Pagesfactors influence sexual orientation in men and women? Throughout history there has been speculation about what influences sexuality in men and woman. Is sexual orientation biological or cultural in nature? There is a common misconception that sexual identity operate in parallel with gender roles( Sell, 2005 as cited in Wilkinson Roys, 2005, p.65). Scholars have not came to an agreement regarding what actually comprise a person’s sexual orientation, however a sexual orientation has been deemed aRead MoreBiological Implications Of Sexual Orientation And Psychosocial Influences Regarding Homosexuality1202 Words   |  5 PagesBiological Implications of Sexual Orientation and Psychosocial Influences Regarding Homosexuality Human Sexuality is an important facet of our idea of self and who we are in life. The act of human reproduction is undeniably necessary for the continuation of the human race. Whether we choose to practice reproduction as nature intended via coitus between a man and a woman or to parent children that were conceived under unorthodox methods such as artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization ourRead MoreHomosexuality : What Causes Homosexuality?1404 Words   |  6 PagesCharizma Bush What causes homosexuality? During my abnormal psychology section in class something that stuck out to me was how homosexuality used to be a diagnosed disorder which is fascinating to me. Also the fact that sexual orientation is on a scale from 100% heterosexual to 100% homosexual and no one is fully either one. Knowing this I thought about the new national same-sex marriage law and how it brought up a lot of controversy recently that has been a struggle for years and years. There areRead MoreHomosexuality And Its Effects On Society Essay1650 Words   |  7 Pagesdebated whether or not homosexuality is a choice that one freely makes, while others believe a combination of genetics, hormones and environment have a factor in one’s sexuality and sexual development. Homosexuality is something one cannot choose to be. Primarily, homosexuality can be defined as a romantic or sexual attraction that involves people of the same gender. Male homosexuals are referred to as gays while the female ones are called lesb ians. Ideally, since time immemorial, there have beenRead MoreIs Sexuality Biologically Or Socially Determined?891 Words   |  4 Pagestopic due to the introduction of gay marriage laws. Now, there is a social urgency to get answers about the causes of sexual orientation. Because of this, scientists are working harder than ever in their studies. Despite many myths and misconceptions, there currently are no clear-cut answers to this debatable question, although there is a theory. Current theories suggest sexuality is influenced by a variety of both biological and social factors. Therefore, rather than focusing on one factor or the otherRead MoreHomosexuality, Genetics or Preference? Essay800 Words   |  4 Pagesdefinition of homosexuality. Homosexuality refers to a sexual attraction and or behavior between people of the same sex. In origin the word homosexual comes from the Greek word for â€Å"same† with the Latin word for â€Å"sex†. In my opinion, homosexuality c an be classified into two groups - one being sexual orientation and the other being sexual preference. Homosexuality as a sexual orientation refers to an enduring pattern or disposition to experience sexual, affectional, or amorous attractions primarily towardsRead MoreStratification And Social Mobility On A Person s Chances For A Higher Life Expectancy Essay1681 Words   |  7 PagesThe idea that stratification and social mobility can influence a person’s chances for a higher life expectancy is very possible. The concept of â€Å"stratification is defined as the structural ranking of an entire group of people that maintains unequal economic benefits and power within society.† This system allows individuals opportunities only based on the tier that they occupy. â€Å"There are four major systems of stratification which are slavery, caste, estate and class.† â€Å"The current stratificationRead MoreThe Effects Of Prenatal Hormones On The Developing Fetus1510 Wo rds   |  7 Pagesstudy stated that there is a 50 percent chance that if one identical twin is homosexual or bisexual, the other twin is too. Similar findings lead that some researchers estimate that sexual orientation is 30 to 70 percent genetic (Mustanski, Chivers, Bailey, 2002). Another research suggests that sexual orientation is impacted by a gene or genes found on the X chromosome. Though genetic tendencies for homosexuality may be passed from mothers to their children (Rahman Wilson, 2003). During humanRead MoreHomosexuality : Genetic Or A Choice?1724 Words   |  7 Pagesthat is primarily biological; we simply just turn out that way (Shaffer, 277).† According to the article, A Scientific Examination of Homosexuality and the â€Å"Gay Gene†, â€Å"The NHSLS found that 2.8% of the male population, and 1.4% of the female population identify themselves as gay, lesbian, and or bisexual† (Harrub, 1). So the real question here is, is having a homosexual orientation genetic or is it just a choice that we make? Is being gay in our DNA? Studies of sexual orientation that were focused

Plato s Theory Of Recollection - 1687 Words

The four arguments that are put forward are; the inverse contention or the cyclical contention, this hypothesis tries to clarify that the structures we have are unceasing and can t change and the spirit can never die and it generally brings life. The body is accepted to be mortal and needs to experience the physical demise however the spirit is not crushed simultaneously. Plato tries to make clear of the contention by looking at cold and fire. The second argument is otherwise called the theory of recollection, this hypothesis tries to clarify that human have some knowledge that is non exact sample of this knowledge is the knowledge during childbirth. This is utilized to show or suggest that possibly at one time that the soul existed before conception for it to have that information. The thought that we have dependably had epistemic accessibility. All intellect that we procured in our current lives will be overlooked when we enter the Form of Transcendence. When we are reborn into our new bodies we are to recall all the data from the past since our souls never passed on. The third argument is otherwise called the affinity argument, this theory tries to clarify that what is everlasting and invulnerable things are altogether different from what is obvious and mortal. Our soul is godlike and our body is mortal and hence when our bodies pass on, our soul will even now keep on living. The fourth argument of the Phaedo is the argument from the type of life and it clarifies that,Show MoreRelatedPlato s Theory Of Recollection1373 Words   |  6 PagesThe general topic is Plato’s theory of recollection. Is Plato’s Theory of Recollection the plausible solution to Meno’s Paradox of Knowledge? Throughout many of his dialogues Plato often concludes that we cannot know something through our senses. He often concludes that we became acquainted with our knowledge in a previous existence. In Meno, Socrates states that, â€Å"As the soul is immortal, has be en born often, and has seen all things here and in the underworld, there is nothing which it has not learned;Read MoreIs Plato s Theory Of Recollection A Plausible Solution For Meno s Paradox Of Knowledge?960 Words   |  4 PagesEliana I. Borja November 2014 PHIL 1301.001 Word Count: Is Plato’s Theory of Recollection a plausible solution to Meno’s Paradox of Knowledge? The general topic is Plato’s theory of recollection. Is Plato’s Theory of Recollection the plausible solution to Meno’s Paradox of Knowledge? Throughout many of his dialogues Plato often concludes that we cannot know something through our senses. He often concludes that we became acquainted with our knowledge in a previous existence. In Meno, SocratesRead MoreWeaknesses Of Plato1262 Words   |  6 PagesMeno, Plato justifies the possibility for one’s mind to uncover knowledge. Knowing one can obtain knowledge motivates the mind to gain more knowledge. Plato explains the theory of recollection by first questioning what virtue is, then demonstrating the process through the questioning of a slave boy. Although a few weaknesses present themselves in Plato’s argument, Plato presents a valid theory on how our minds can obtain knowledge. This paper focuses on exploring Plato’s theory of recollection by examiningRead MorePhilosophy1687 Words   |à ‚  7 PagesAnthony Charpentier Due Date: 10/7/14 PHI 307 – Ancient Philosophy First Essay Assignment Xenophanes, Socrates, Plato on the possibility of knowledge Skepticism – A skeptical attitude; doubt as to the truth of something. In ordinary skepticism this would mean someone who would doubt the existence of something. A difference between the two is normal skepticism is you try to get it clear in your head. Ordinary doubt - or local skepticism - can usually be tested - and even when it cantRead MoreSummary : Immortality Of The Soul 1542 Words   |  7 PagesSierra Bauer Philosophy 110 Final Paper Immortality of the Soul Phaedo, also known to ancient readers as On the Soul, is one of greatest dialogues of Plato’s period. Phaedo centers itself around the death of Socrates. Throug Plato, Socrates lived on generations after his time. Phaedo begins with Socrates addressing his death and stating a true philosopher should look forward to death. He asserts that the soul is immortal and the philosopher spends his life training and detaching itself from the needsRead MoreThe Text Of The Meno By Plato938 Words   |  4 Pagesthe text of the Meno by Plato, the dialogue develops and attempts to answer the question of what virtue is, and whether it is teachable. The paradox explained can be used to discuss merely anything, and we can thus say that either one knows or does not know. If a person knows, then they cannot investigate or question their knowledge. However, if a person does not know, they cannot inquire about it which means a person cannot question for not knowing what they do not know. Plato goe s ahead and resolvesRead MoreA Life Sketch of Plato and His Works905 Words   |  4 PagesGreek philosophers, Plato must remain the best known of all the Greeks. The original name of this Athenian aristocrat was Aristiclis, but in his school days he received the nickname Platon (meaning broad) because of his broad shoulders. Plato was born in Athens, Greece to one of the oldest and most distinguished families in the city. He lived with his mother, Perictione, and his father, Ariston (Until Ariston died.) Born in an aristocratic and rich family, Plato s childhood was indulgedRead MoreWhy I Am A Platonist2304 Words   |  10 PagesPHIL 310A 001 Michael Griffin November 26th, 2014 Levi Shiach 41026121 Why I Am A Platonist The term Platonism is used ambiguously throughout philosophical discourse. Under some renderings, it refers to the philosophy of Plato. However, the term platonism is more widely used in contemporary philosophy to describe the metaphysical view that abstract objects (that is, those that are non-spatial and non-temporal) exist (Piyong 206). Almost universally, the distinction between these two understandingsRead MoreThe Between Socrates And Meno1724 Words   |  7 Pagesthey find it. Plato describes this ongoing discussion between Socrates and Meno. Meno’s first attempt at the description of virtue is listing examples. The health of a man is the same as that of a woman, is virtue the same for both as well? Meno states that there are certain virtues for men, like managing public affairs, helping friends, harming enemies, and protecting oneself. There are different virtues for women, managing the home, protecting possessions, and being submissive to one s husband. ThereRead MoreEssay about Phaedo by Plato942 Words   |  4 Pages Phaedo is an account written by Plato of the last conversation of Socrates’ before he will be put to death by the state of Athens by drinking hemlock. The dialog itself seems to recount Plato’s psychological, Metaphysical, and epistemological beliefs rather than an accurate portrayal of Socrates’ last conversation . The dialog addresses three main arguments for recollection including the argument of opposites, the argument of recollection, and the argument of affinity. Platoà ¢â‚¬â„¢s arguments in the

Advance corporate finance Example

Essays on Advance corporate finance Coursework Topic: Advance Corporate Finance and Question One Critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the CAPM Investors are said to be rational and undertaking investment is a risky activity. Investors expect adequate compensation for the risks they take in investment activities. CAPM is a tool used by investors in assessing and evaluating the risks involved in investing in a given security. Systematic and market risks affect returns on investment (Wajeeh Trainor, 2008, p. 243). Financial instruments require critical analysis and assessment of the risks involved in order to make the right choice. CAPM has been criticized and termed ineffective but it has a number of strengths. Acknowledges the rationality of investors CAPM treats investors as rational decision making units. Acknowledging this fact makes it easier for evaluations and assessments to be conducted, given that an investor will expect maximum benefit from investing in a given instrument. The higher the risks involved, the higher the expected returns. Time The model does not ignore the fact that the value of money changes with time. The value of a given amount of money today will not be the same at a later date for the same amount. It therefore provides a basis for this adjustment and further provides a coherent and a systematic procedure for the incorporating money value over time in investment plans. Risks CAPM does not treat the financial markets as perfect markets. Although it assumes that capital markets are perfectly efficient, it does not rule out occurrences of risks. Depending on the affinity to take risks, investors vary from risk neutral, risk averse to risk takers. The model outlines an evaluation criterion for each of them in computing the expected return of a financial instrument given the risks involved. On the other hand, the CAPM has a number of identified weaknesses which include: The assumption of normally distributed asset returns is not realistic. This is because; equity returns fail to actualize this assumption among other market in the financial markets. As a result, the market experiences significant swings that are far beyond being considered a normal distribution. Stock returns vary and the model fails to explain such variations. The return on a given investment may be higher or lower than that predicted by the model. This failure to provide firm grounds for risk and return assessments and evaluations show that the model has its shortcomings. The model shows that the variance of returns is an adequate measurement of risk (Wajeeh Trainor, 2008, p. 441). This is true only when the assumption of normal distribution is considered. However, the normal distribution of returns has been disputed due to swings observed in the markets from time to time. This fails to acknowledge that investors have preferences and the variance of returns may not be an effective measure in this case. Investment activities require that costs be incurred before returns are reaped. Taxes are also charged by the relevant authorities in the economies that financial markets operate. This model ignores these facts. The assumption of no taxes and no transaction costs is not realistic in a real world scenario. Critically evaluate one alternative model Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) Capital is not obtained without incurring a cost. WACC is the calculation of the cost of capital to a firm, where each capital category is proportionately weighted (Wajeeh Trainor, 2008, p. 456). This model recognizes the various sources of capital available to a firm. Equity returns and risk valuations are employed in this model. An increase in return on equity will increase the WACC of the firm. The same effect is generated when risks are high and valuations are decreasing. Debt and equity are the main sources of finance to a firm’s assets. A firm’s required return given its operation and performance is given by WACC. Question Two The trade-off theory is a critical assessment of the benefits and costs of financing a firm through debt. The trade-off between the two factors provides an optimal capital structure for the firm according to this theory (Wajeeh Trainor, 2008, p. 504). Financing decisions are central to the operation and performance of a firm. Cost and capital and taxes are key influence in financial decision making processes. Debt is a major source of finance for many firms. Employing this theory depends on the firm’s ability to integrate the variables it considers in its actual operations. High profit making firms are characterized by a low debt ratio. This theory may hold in financial decision making since for such firms, savings on tax interest is possible if such firms raise their debt ratios. Different firms have different preferences when it comes to financing its operations. Almost every firm prefers internal financial sources to external sources. On the same note, borrowing is considered better than the issuance of securities that carry high risks. Whatever the case, there lacks perfect information. As a result, discrepancies arise between managers, shareholders and lenders as to the best decision to make and what actions to take. Such are the arguments of Pecking Order theory in capital structure context. This among other theories are evaluated and assessed in the light of the performance of a firm, and the most suitable holds in the capital structure-financial decisions in a firm. Question Three Investors expect adequate compensation for the risks they take or rather face in investment activities. One the ways that investors are compensated is by payment of dividends by a firm to the firm’s investors. There are numerous arguments as to when and how dividends should be paid. Some argue that dividends maximize investor wealth, while othersdispute the argument. In some instances, dividends have been considered irrelevant, but it all depends on the dividend policy adopted by the firm. Empirical testing of dividend policies is necessary because investors have different preferences about dividends and so are the paying firms. High, low or dividend irrelevance pay-out has been found to be valid in the context of the different identified clientele in investment activities (Brigham and Houston, 2004, p. 113). The main idea is to maintain dividend stability that further makes it possible to maintain a favourable stock price. Investors who require steady cash flows from their investments may not find a firm that does not pay dividends favourable. However, all other factors that affect the stock price other than the straight pay-out should be considered in determining when and how to make dividend pay-outs. Question Four It is important that firms consider the welfare the shareholders. Shareholders form a fundamental component of the firm. The operation and performance of a firm is bound to the demands and interests of the shareholders. Shareholder wealth maximization in the light of aligning performance measures is not an easy task. This is due to the existence of a number of hindering factors, one of them is the agency problem. The ideas and interests of the shareholders may differ from those of the management. The goals pursued at such an instance are likely to conflict, distorting measures tailored towards achieving some specified desired goals like shareholder wealth maximization. An investment is held for a specific period of time. Within this time, capital gains and dividends are earned by that investment. The accumulated returns over the holding period are referred to as the total shareholder return. It can also be defined in terms of internal rate of return (IRR) considering the total cash flows within the investment period. Both EP and EVA are used to indicate the generation of an economic value. Increased EP and EVA depict an increased economic value, a situation that shows a positive value for the shareholders. An opposite scenario shows that the capital of the firm is eroding and shareholder wealth maximization is hard to achieve on such a trend. Balancing shareholder wealth maximization in the context of improved performance measures is challenging. Another concept integral to performance measures and shareholder wealth maximization is the Market Value Added (MVA). Bond and shareholders make capital claims to a company. Summed claims and the market value of debt and equity constitute the MVA (Wajeeh Trainor, 2008, p. 611). Shareholder wealth maximization isthe light of residual wealth and the performance of the firmposes a challenge to the alignment of performance measures for the firm. Question Five Management buy-outs – Shareholders have controlling rights in the various firms that they are attached to. Existing shareholders of a given firm can sell their controlling interest to the management or the executive of the firm. The purchase of the shareholders’ controlling interest by the executive or the management is referred to as management buy-out. Divestments – This is the process through which assets are sold. It is simply opposite to investment. Acquisitions – These are actions taken by corporates where a company buys a significant amount or all stakes of ownership of the target firm, such that the stake selling firm is now controlled by the buying firm. Acquisitions mostly occur as firms pursue growth, expansion and development. Corporate restructuring plays a central role in determining the value of a firm over time. However, difficulties in measuring the firm value are evident given the restructuring mechanism that a firm adopts. Divestments and acquisitions can be used to determine the value created by the corporate restructuring process. A number of factors influence corporate restructuring in the context of divestment and acquisition. They include: future expectations of business performance of the firm, long term financing sources, trends of firm portfolio over time, competition and competition strategies adopted by the firm. Difficulties involved in the process of measuring firm value are based on the ability to balance debt and equity of the firm. References Brigham Houston. (2004). Fundamentals of Financial Management (Concise 4 e). Mason, Ohio: South-Western Division of Thomson Learning. Wajeeh, E., Trainor, T. (2008). Advanced Corporate Finance: A Practical Approach. First Edition. California: Pearson Education.

Media s Influence On Society - 1811 Words

In 2014, we live in a world with a media saturated culture. This is the era of digital news services, of 24-hour news channels, free newspapers, and even media based applications. For the majority of us, the way in which we learn about the world outside our personal perception is through the consumption of news, mainly still through broadcast or print (OFCOM 2007). Various forms of media has fed the public statistics that created a sense of stereotyping for each particular race. For example, the media and those on film, such as politics and leaders of the government, link together race and crime, which conveys a criminal image of the public’s consumption (St. John Heald-Moore, 1995). Since race and crime are tied together, when one thinks of a crime, hears about a crime, or when crime is being reported, race is usually associated with it. In the American society, a frequent representation of crime is that it is majorly committed by African- Americans. The view of African Amer icans has been distorted and twisted by the media and other contributors. Without question, almost everything that is being covered by the media is believed by most of society and it becomes their actual perceptual reality. Broadcast media and other various forms of media has a history for portraying African Americans in a biased manner, as if they were mostly reported involved in crime, drugs, or acts of violence. This has led to many cases of stereotyping, racial profiling, police brutality,Show MoreRelatedThe Media s Influence On Society1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe media s the most powerful entity on earth. They have the power to make the innocent guilty and to make the guilty innocent, and that s power. Because they control the minds of the masses† (Ruddy, 2002). Malcolm X, a prominent African American human rights activist, strongly believed that the media played a vital role in how they make society perceive events and people. An issue that is present, historicall y and currently, is media contributing to racism. When news is reported involvingRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society1454 Words   |  6 PagesThe Media’s Chokehold The media s influence on society is suffocating and undeniable. Body image has become overwhelmingly present in most media today. The front cover of a magazine may critically exclaim â€Å"so-and-so has cellulite† or â€Å"so and so is too thin†. Popular reality stars like Nicole Polizzi (otherwise known as â€Å"Snooki†) have been criticized for being to large and then criticized for being too thin after dropping the weight. The media teaches people to be unsatisfied with their bodiesRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society1269 Words   |  6 Pages The media is full of countless things, it has completely changed the world and is now a part of our everyday lives (Bookman, 64). With television, radio, newspapers, books, etc†¦ working their way into our everyday lives it is impossible to live without the media today. Along with it being persuasive, informational and a great source for entertainment it also has a large binding influence on societies all over the world. Media aspects are radically reshaping the world (Marina 240) and though someRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society1256 Words   |  6 PagesThe media are full of countless things, they have completely changed the world we live in and are now a part of our everyday lives (Bookman, 64). With television, radio, newspapers, books, etc†¦ working their way into our everyday lives it is almost impossible to live without the media. Along with it being persuasive, informative and a great source for entertainment, it also has a large binding influence on societies all over the world. Media aspects are radically reshaping the world (Marina 240)Read MoreMedia s Influence On Society1293 Words   |  6 PagesMedia is a major contributor of how social groups are perceived in today’s society. Mediais around us every day almost all day, and it constantly sends messages about the world’s environment. There are many indicators shown pertaining to how media really af fects society. One of the most prominent explanations of those questions is the way media influences stereotypes. There has been previous research linking media sources and biased attitudes. This research paper explores articles supporting mediaRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society Essay1250 Words   |  5 Pagescapitalist society the United States has developed a media centered culture. Society has been influenced tremendously by mass media it seems as if it has become a necessity in life. Nine DVDs worth of data per person every day is the amount of all media delivered to consumers whether it be visual or auditorial on a daily basis. As consumers and technology develop that number will continue to increase because of the multi-tasking abilities that will be created (Zverina 13). The hold media has on societyRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Society1654 Words   |  7 PagesMass media is perhaps the most powerful tool in the world for creating, changing or perpetuating societyâ⠂¬â„¢s ideas about an issue or group of people. It works both blatantly and subconsciously by deciding which issues are important, how to frame those issues, who to show as affected by them, and, increasingly, providing personal commentaries on the matters at hand. Because the majority of media outlets are owned by corporations dominated by white heterosexual men, many minorities are portrayed in waysRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society1475 Words   |  6 PagesMass media has affected our view as a society on social class and what defines one’s social class. Throughout this article called â€Å"Making Class Invisible† by Gregory Mantsios, we evaluate the influence media has on our society and as Mr. Mantsios states how â€Å"media plays a key role in defining our cultural tastes, helping us locate ourselves in history, establishing our national identity, and ascertaining the range of national and social possibilities† (para. 1). Our social class determines wh atRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Society1560 Words   |  7 Pagesare. How many times have we heard this, yet we live in a society that appears to contradict this very idea. If looks don’t matter then why do women and girls live in a society where their bodies define who they are? If looks don t matter then why is airbrushing used by the media to hide any flaws a person has? What exactly is causing this, why do we feel like we are just not beautiful the way we are? Its the media. It’s because the media promotes a certain body image as being beautiful, and it’sRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Society1416 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The media s the most powerful entity on Earth. They have the power to make the innocent guilty and to make the guilty innocent, and that s power. Because they control the minds of the [people]† (Malcolm X). The message of this Malcolm X quote is that society can control the mind of the individual. This is true. For many years, society has influenced everyone worldwide both negatively and positively. That is because society has the ability to control the individual’s decisions. They can control

Discipleship Counseling Free Essays

Discipleship Counseling provides training in bible discipleship and gives descriptions and techniques on how to provide instruction to people in need according to God’s word. Anderson uses the Word of God as the sole authority in his book Discipleship Counseling and discusses forms of therapy based on the biblical concept of discipleship. The purpose of this paper is to first briefly summarize the book and then discuss three major themes that were stated in Anderson’s book. We will write a custom essay sample on Discipleship Counseling or any similar topic only for you Order Now Discipleship Counseling widely discusses the concept of mental health and how to set valuable principles in helping Christians and non Christians alike. Showing people how to find their identity in Christ and to give up false lies of Satan shown through the world’s eyes. Anderson’s discipleship counseling is to give support that can help clients overcome psychological and emotional problems by setting captives free by ridding false beliefs about the true Creator, our God of the Bible and His infinite and loving character. People are transformed by the renewing of their minds (Romans 12:2) and must be conformed to the image of God to understand how the mind works; this and faith walking is an essential part of the sanctification process throughout the book (Anderson, 2003, pp.  86-87). Discipleship Counseling also demonstrates how an individual must give up their control in order to walk in that newness which is ours through what Christ has done for all of humanity (Romans 6:4) and in that relinquishing walk people can â€Å"give up the pleasure of things in exchange for the pleasure of life† (Anderson, 2003, p. 280). In Discipleship Counseling conflict resolution has varied levels each of those based on the maturity of the people being helped. In order to come to the very first level one must go through the sanctification process. Without a person knowing their heritage in Christ and having assurance and faith of their salvation, they will not be capable to be rooted and to grow in Christ. With no rooting, the plant will not grow and God has given us models of how people are to grow in His word, which is the ultimate truth in one’s heritage. The levels laid out rely on defining who counselors are working with and by determining that person’s level of maturity At which time the councelor can start at root issues that need to be resolved, growth issues, and walking with Christ in life issues. At level one, there’s changing from previous ways of living into a new and righteous relationship with God. If they are dealing with believers, the believer must change from their sin ways and start walking in God’s truth. After which, they are instructed to walk by faith through the truth of His word. People must believe that His word is true or their faith will not be fruitful. The suffering or wounded people must be able to obtain and demonstrate their new found character of Christ even while walking through their difficulties. People at the stage of needing help must surrender to the new growth being attached to the word of God and His presence because with Him, there is no life at the root, without life the root the vine will not grow. Their first priority should be their personal relationship with God. The very basic first stage must be managed because unsettled issues will hinder the other workings of the other stages as well. If someone has harmed you, either at home or in a work situation, bring the matter to God. â€Å"Trust in the LORD and do good. Then you will live safely in the land and prosper. Take delight in the LORD, and he will give you your heart’s desires† (Psalm 37:3-4) Identifying and overcoming road blocks will lead to forgiveness and reconciliation of self brokenness or broken relationships. The apostle Paul talks about how conflict can bring glory to God (Cor. 10:31-11:1) helping to serve others and to grow in Christ. If people can step through the stepping stones of resolution they will have a better and closer relationship to God, which will flow through them into the lives of others through the guiding of the Holy Spirit. The Freedom appointment was also an essential element in where the counselor helps their Christian counselees’ take the responsibility of their life and consequences, claiming their personal identity and purpose in Christ and then resolving past personal and spiritual conflicts. These key points help them live life productively in Christ (Anderson, 2003, p. 198). In the Freedom Appointment section Anderson gives full credit to Jesus as the wonderful counselor and makes no assertions at his writing being solely needed to become an effective counselor. He himself claimed to have learned most through trial and error. However, he does state that it requires helpers to be dependent on God, in His character and in His truth. â€Å"Just because so many lies flourish in the realm of psychology does not mean Christians should abandon it. Instead, Christians must bring God’s truth to a deceived discipline† (Anderson, Zuehlke, Zuehlke, 2000). Christ came to destroy the craftiness of the devil and his scheming, He alone can conquer satan. If God alone can conquer satan, what could people do if they are walking with an omnipotent, omnipresent God? Being one with God in spirit gives much power to denounce the lies and deceit. Once a lie is found out it has no power over an individual, truth will heal the falsehood and barrier. Through prayer, declaration and generational resolutions people can be liberated from past inventory and give affirmation to their common ground with God. â€Å"Where will you be stricken again, as you continue in your rebellion? The whole head is sick and the whole heart is faint† (Isaiah 1:5). One’s mind and heart must also be examined and working in compliance to His truth. Satan loves to hit the mind and his lies live in the darkness and dark thoughts, but he is overwhelmed and will flee when the truth of the light shines upon his wickedness. â€Å"The heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately wicked: who can know it? † (Jeremiah 17:9) The heart and mind are the first targets of satan and his lies but when in God’s word and following truth, this is when people can overthrow him. â€Å"This word or truth is called the seed of God, because it is introduced and made known to the mind by the Holy Ghost. Hence we are said to be ‘begotten of God.’ It is his truth that quickens the mind into right voluntary action. Now everyone knows, by his own consciousness, that this is the way in which he was born again. † (Finney) Even through hidden lies deep-set into the mind satan destroys hope and encourages spiritual suicide. A person must come to forgiveness of his past and his throw away his previous false teachings to send the lies of satan into the pit of fire. With a heart and a calling to serve the Lord in Christian counseling, people can be trained by Anderson through his Christian counseling techniques. Along with the Holy Spirit leading them, they and their counselees can strive to conform themselves to the image of Christ through the His sufferings and to the abandoning of all self-sufficiency for living life. This is when a person gives up his own control with reckless abandon. Satan started lies and trickery in the Garden of Eden when he claimed the Eve could be like God. That human temptation of trying to control every aspect of life has still rung true through the ages. In this day and age, people have a desire for total control but when all else fails they must sacrifice themselves to God in order for a richer blessing and peace. â€Å"The only real control we have is deciding whom we serve† (Anderson N. T. , 2003, p. 281). The principles described in Anderson’s book are laid out well and useful, and they are echoed throughout the bible. Discipleship Counseling seeks to lead the believer to the end of his own personal strength regardless of how productive such self-seeking strengths may have proven to be. The Holy Spirit will work against the believer’s dependence upon the flesh and when the worldliness and self skilled ways become unproductive the believer will come seeking counseling. This is when one seeks out God and His ultimate truth for healing. God works through His peacemaker and with that peacemaking training, through the love of Christ and resembling His gentle loving direction â€Å"a gentle answer turns wrath aside, but a harsh word stirs up anger (Prov. 15:1) a Christian counselor can open many doors and steps leading to the Lords ultimate healing. How to cite Discipleship Counseling, Papers

Innovation and Entrepreneurship Performance Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Performance Analysis. Answer: Introduction Woolworths is a supermarket based in Australia, with 872 stores. It relies on a broad range of staff in its stores to provide efficient services to its customers, (Poid.com, 2008). There is a wide variety of supermarkets and retail stores in this country, making competition very high. Innovation is the putting into use, of new ideas to satisfy the needs of customers. (Burns, 2008) Entrepreneurs usually utilize innovation in creating opportunities and changes that ensure profitability in their firms. Levels of Innovation that can be utilized by Woolworths. Innovation can occur in three levels, which include; revolution, renewal and resilience levels. Revolution level: This level involves changing the structures of the firm. Modern marketing requires the use of online platforms to obtain clients (Drucker, 2014). Woolworths is also not an exception as it uses online locator apps that enable its customers to find its stores quickly. The supermarket could also use more innovative channels to ensure proper interaction with their clients. This can be done through revolution, whereby new platforms of communication are formed. Such platforms may include; listing its products on its Facebook page to receive customer likes and developing more online service channels to reduce the long queues in the stores. These channels could enable the customers to efficiently order products and have them delivered to their premises without physically going to the stores. Renewal level: This level involves changing the whole model of the business. In supermarkets, it can be executed through formulating a creative way of marketing and availing the products to the clients. Woolworths could use this aspect by changing its marketing model. Forming unique ways of promoting and pricing its goods may make customers develop a preference for its products (Bessant Tidd, 2007). For example, it could revert to online ordering and delivery of products, coming up with no noise campaigns and rebranding their products, where customers switch off their phones and remove shoes when shopping in no interference zones. This could make the customers more comfortable when shopping in the stores. This method has been used successfully in the UK by Selfridges. Resilience level: According to Allen Holling (2010), resilience involves administration of continuous changes in values, behaviors, and processes in the business to obtain the more innovative operating structure. This can be executed by stocking new products for customers, (Crumpton, 2012). Woolworths could use this strategy to ensure new products are available in its stores according to the client's preference. This may be done by conducting a proper market research, to precisely establish what the customers need. Displaying products in Facebook and obtaining likes can be used as an appropriate and profitable method of inspecting customers preferences. Woolworths could also use Crowd sources suggestions on its website, to determine the likes of its current and potential customers. This innovative method has successfully been used by most supermarkets in Denmark and therefore could be appropriate for Woolworths as well for it to ensure improved performance. Types of innovation Woolworths could incorporate. Innovation involves getting new ideas. It can be divided into open verses closed and disruptive versus sustaining innovation, (Groden, 2015). These types of change can be utilized by the supermarketin order to ensure improvement in its operations and profitability. Disruptive versus sustaining innovation. In the market, customers can be classified into high demanding and less demanding customers. The high demanding customers expect expensive and high-quality products to be availed for them, while the less demanding customers look for lowly priced and available products, (Christensen, Raynor McDonald, 2015). Therefore, Woolworths could research appropriately on its clients and classify them accordingly. In places where there is a large number of less demanding customers, the supermarket can stock less expensive products so as to attract that particular market. On the other hand, in locations where there is a high concentration of high demanding customers, the costly and high-quality products should be stocked. This could make Woolworths more profitable as it will be able to understand its customers better. Open versus closed innovation. As explained by (Dawson Andriopoulos, 2014), open innovation encompasses getting Ideas both from within the firm and outside the enterprise. It allows the organization to incorporate new ideas and strategies developed by its competitors when executing innovation. Traditionally, businesses used not to include ideas from other firms when formulating their operating plans. This was closed innovation. However, business is an open system, which should be considerate of its external environment in all its operations (Windrum Koch, 2008). Woolworths could conduct an environmental scanning to identify unique strategies adopted by other supermarkets in Australia. This could make it improve more in its operations. Norms that Woolworths could use to promote innovation. Innovation involves risk taking and proper management of the culture of the firm. Risk taking enables the company to venture into new fields without fearing failure or losses, (Dyer, Gregersen Christensen, 2009). Woolworths can execute this by developing many branches in untapped areas and investing in new technology to ensure efficient marketing and distribution of its products. Some norms it may perform are as follows. Risk taking: Innovation involves a lot of risks. Woolworths should be ready to take risk and venture in new technology and marketing strategies. It could do this by using such apps like QThru and So-Post that could be utilized by customers to check the availability of products of their interests through their phones. This could reduce the long queues in the stores. So-Post also uses the email addresses of customers in executing the delivery, instead of using their home addresses. This is a major field of innovation that could be achieved by Woolworths. Tolerance of mistakes: In innovation, some errors may occur. These may involve inaccuracies and variances, (Barringer, 2012). Woolworths must be ready to tolerate these variations to execute innovation and improve performance. Supporting change and proper conflict handling: There must be an appropriate conflict handling forum whenever a firm needs to conduct innovation. This is because there are variations of methods of executing changes in organizations, (Baumgartner, 2011). In the case of Woolworths, the managers could come up with proper avenues of addressing conflicts which may arise during the process of innovation. Supporting the continuous process of learning and idea generation: Innovation involves learning and adopting new ideas. The managers in Woolworths should be able to support the generation of new ideas that would enable proper change. Entrepreneurship After inventing the new ideas and ways of operation, Woolworths should incorporate these ideas to ensure maximization of its customers requirements. This requires entrepreneurial leadership. Entrepreneurial leadership refers to the administration on entrepreneurial skills (Burns, 2008). Some of the elements of this type of leadership include; Framing: Woolworths could use this feature to compose accurate expectations about innovative endeavors. This may involve prediction of profit increments due to the new ideas incorporated and predicting the time it may take to fully install the innovations created, (Cho, Mathiassen, Robey, 2007). It may also entail predicting the amount of returns expected from investing in the new idea. Creating opportunity register: This is coming up with a list of potentially feasible business opportunities, (Morris, Kuratko Covin, 2010). This supermarket could record its innovative ideas and plan on how to execute them to improve its operations. Promotion: Woolworths could promote its innovative strategies to ensure proper execution. It could do this by identifying the creative objectives, forming competitive benchmarks, establishing significant achievements expected and documenting the assumptions formulated. Creating a supportive environment: This involves availing all the resources required to put the innovation into operation, (Snihur, 2016). Woolworths could do this by ensuring all the necessary supportive instruments and technology for innovation are availed. Conclusion: In conclusion, Woolworths could significantly improve its operations and profitability by venturing more in innovation and entrepreneurship. It could do this by establishing better technologically sensitive ways of marketing and provision of services, adopting better methods of innovation and following the elements of proper change. The innovative ideas should also be incorporated and put into use through entrepreneurial leadership. References Allen, C. R., Holling, C. S. (2010). Novelty, Adaptive Capacity, and Resilience. Barringer, B. (2012). Entrepreneurship: Successfully Launching New Ventures, (2012). Baumgartner, R. J. (2011). Critical Perspectives on Sustainable Development Research and Practice. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(8), 783-786. Bessant, J., Tidd, J. (2007). Innovation and Entrepreneurship. John Wiley Sons. Branson, R. (2011). Virgin's Richard Branson: Apple boss Steve Jobs was the Entrepreneur I most Admired, Telegraph, 6 October. Burns, P, (2008). Corporate Entrepreneurship: Building the Entrepreneurial Cho, S., Mathiassen, L., Robey, D. (2007). Dialectics of Resilience: a Multi-level Analysis of a Telehealth Innovation. Journal of Information Technology, 22(1), 24-35. Christensen, C.M., Raynor, M.E. McDonald, R. (2015). What is Disruptive Innovation? hbr.org website at https://hbr.org/2015/12/what-is-disruptive-innovation accessed 4 January 2017. Crumpton, M. A. (2012). Innovation and Entrepreneurship. The Bottom Line, 25(3), 98-101. Dawson, P. Andriopoulos, C. (2014). Managing Change and Innovation, Sage Publishing, London, U.K. Drucker, P. (2014). Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Routledge. Dyer, J.H., Gregersen, H.B. Christensen, C.M. (2009). The Innovators DNA. Harvard Business Review, December, pp. 60-67. Groden, C. (2015), Why Uber isn't Disruptive but Netflix Is, Fortune website at https://fortune.com/2015/11/17/uber-disruption-christensen/ accessed 4 January 2017. Morris, M. H., Kuratko, D. F., Covin, J. G. (2010). Corporate Entrepreneurship Innovation. Cengage Learning. Poid.com. (2008, February 4). Woolworths Supermarkets. Retrieved January 4, 2017, from Poid.com website: https://www.poidb.com/groups/group.asp?GroupID=153 Snihur, Y. (2016). Developing optimal distinctiveness: organizational identity processes in new ventures engaged in business model innovation. Entrepreneurship Regional Development, 28(3-4), 259-285. Strobl, A., Kronenberg, C. (2016). Entrepreneurial Networks Across the Business Life Cycle: The Case of Alpine Hospitality Entrepreneurs. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(6). Windrum, P., Koch, P. M. (Eds.). (2008). Innovation in Public Sector Services: Entrepreneurship, Creativity and Management. Edward Elgar Publishing.